I. Complete the following tag questions
1. There's a new cartoon, isn't there?
2. They don't want to sell their house, do they?
3. This machine never works very well, does it?
4. Your parents should stay in the hotel, shouldn't they?
5. We can't go camping today, can we?
6. I am late, aren't I?
7. Let's go to Lan's house, shall we?
8. I think that is an overcrowded bus, isn't it?
9. You grandparents don't prefer living in the city, do they?
10. The tourists will never be allowed to visit the slums again, will they?
11. I'm unable to solve that problem alone, can I?
12. Dharavi used to be a fishing village with only three thousand people, didn't it?
13. Her brother has lived in Jakarta for more than ten years, hasn't he?
14. These houses cannot provide enough accommodation, can they?
15. His sister works for a big foreign company in the city, doesn't she?
16. There were nearly one million people living in this city in 2010, weren't there?
17. You and I shouldn't go to those streets when it turns dark, should we?
II. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
The two children have been in London. They were surprised at the crowds everywhere. They decided to travel on the tube railway. They found that they had to be quick and get on the train or it would go off without them.
One day they went to Hype Park and walked along on the grass to Kensington Gardens in bright autumn sunshine. This was different from the crowded streets, and Mary said that it was like being back home. The leaves of the great trees were turning red, brown and yellow, birds were flying about, there were lots of flowers and ducks swimming about on the Round Pond. Only the noise from the street in the distance reminded them of the town.
1. Where have the children been?
→ The passage doesn't explicitly mention where the children came from, so this question cannot be answered based on the given information.
2. What made them surprised?
→ The passage mentions that the children were surprised at the crowds everywhere in London.
3. What did they decide to do?
They decided to travel on the tube railway.
4. Where did they go one day?
→ They went to Hyde Park and walked along on the grass to Kensington Gardens.
5. In which season did they go there?
→ They went there in bright autumn sunshine.
6. Where do you think the two children came to London from?
→ The passage doesn't provide information about where the children came from, so this question cannot be answered based on the given information.
IV. Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence.
1. Overpopulation problems..................both the rich and the poor.
A. cause
B. reduce
C. happen
D. affect
2. The major cause of death for children living in the slums is................
A. immigration
B. malnutrition
C. density
D. illiteracy
3. It's very ...............in the city. Some rich people live in large villas, while many poor people live in small slums.
A. spacious
B. healthy
C. diverse
D. equal
4. Some poor people may....................crime when they need money.
A. commit
B. accept
C. involve
D. arrive
5. The city has to find.........................to homeless people immediately.
A. calories
B. solutions
C. earnings
D. systems
6. The immigrants will hardly find accommodation in the city,....................?
A. will they
B. won't they
C. will it
D. won't it
7. Disease spreads more quickly in overcrowded areas,...................?
A. isn't it
B. doesn't it
C. is it
D. does it
8. Living in the country is healthier than that in the city because in the countryside, there is........traffic.
A. higher
B. fewer
C. more
D. less
9. people move to the city with the hope that they can get..............food and better healthcare.
A. more
B. bigger
C. less
D. fewer
10. ..................accidents were recorded this year than that year; 23 cases compared to 42 cases.
A. Less
B. More
C. Fewer
D. Lower
Đáp án và giải thích:
1. Overpopulation problems affect both the rich and the poor.
Giải thích: "Affect" có nghĩa là tác động đến, ảnh hưởng đến, phù hợp trong ngữ cảnh vấn đề dân số quá đông.
2. The major cause of death for children living in the slums is malnutrition.
Giải thích: "Malnutrition" có nghĩa là suy dinh dưỡng, là nguyên nhân chính dẫn đến cái chết ở trẻ em ở các khu ổ chuột.
3. It's very diverse in the city. Some rich people live in large villas, while many poor people live in small slums.
Giải thích: "Diverse" có nghĩa là đa dạng, thích hợp trong ngữ cảnh mô tả sự đa dạng về điều kiện sống ở thành phố.
4. Some poor people may commit crime when they need money.
Giải thích: "Commit" có nghĩa là phạm tội, là từ phù hợp để mô tả hành vi của những người nghèo khi cần tiền.
5. The city has to find solutions to homeless people immediately.
Giải thích: "Solutions" có nghĩa là giải pháp, phù hợp để mô tả cần tìm giải pháp cho người vô gia cư ngay lập tức.
6.The immigrants will hardly find accommodation in the city, will they?
Giải thích: Câu đuôi "will they" được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh và xác nhận lại ý trước đó.
7. Disease spreads more quickly in overcrowded areas, doesn't it?
Giải thích: Câu đuôi "doesn't it" được sử dụng để đặt câu hỏi đuôi với ý nghĩa phủ định, xác nhận ý trước đó.
8. Living in the country is healthier than that in the city because in the countryside, there is less traffic.
Giải thích: "Less" có nghĩa là ít hơn, phù hợp để so sánh lượng giao thông ít hơn ở nông thôn.
9. People move to the city with the hope that they can get more food and better healthcare.
Giải thích: "More" có nghĩa là nhiều hơn, phù hợp với ngữ cảnh muốn có nhiều thực phẩm và chăm sóc sức khỏe tốt hơn.
10. Fewer accidents were recorded this year than that year; 23 cases compared to 42 cases.
Giải thích: "Fewer" có nghĩa là ít hơn, phù hợp để so sánh số lượng tai nạn ít hơn ở năm nay so với năm trước.
III. Read the passage and complete the following sentences with ONE or TWO words
The increased loss of the ecosystems including wetlands, wildlife, rainforests, coral reefs, aquatic life forms, and grasslands are highly influenced by overpopulation. It is out of overpopulation that activities such as excessive agriculture, environmental pollution, and extensive land development have become more and more intensive.
For example, rainforests originally covered 14% of the entire earth’s surface. Today, rainforests only cover about 6% of the earth’s surface and scientists forecast it may even become less in the next four decades judged by the current rate of vegetation removal, logging, and deforestation. Besides, due to environmental pollution, 30% of the ocean reefs have been lost because of acidification and global warming since 1980. Also, more than half of the original wetlands have been lost.
1. The increased loss of the_________are highly influenced by overpopulation.
2. Excessive agriculture has become more and more_________.
3. _________of the entire earth’s surface was originally covered by rainforests.
4. Rainforests may cover less than 6% of the earth’s surface in the next_________.
5. Acidification and_________have made 30% of the ocean reefs disappear since 1980.
Đáp án chi tiết:
1. The increased loss of the ecosystems are highly influenced by overpopulation.
2. Excessive agriculture has become more and more intensive.
3. Fourteen percent of the entire earth’s surface was originally covered by rainforests.
4. Rainforests may cover less than 6% of the earth’s surface in the next four decades.
5. Acidification and global warming have made 30% of the ocean reefs disappear since 1980.
Dịch đoạn văn:
Sự mất mát gia tăng của các hệ sinh thái bao gồm đất ngập nước, động vật hoang dã, rừng mưa, rạn san hô, các hình thái sống dưới nước và thảo nguyên đang bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi sự quá tải dân số. Là do sự quá tải dân số, các hoạt động như nông nghiệp quá mức, ô nhiễm môi trường và phát triển đất đai mở rộng đã trở nên ngày càng cường điệu.
Ví dụ, rừng mưa ban đầu chiếm 14% diện tích bề mặt trái đất. Ngày nay, rừng mưa chỉ chiếm khoảng 6% diện tích bề mặt trái đất và các nhà khoa học dự đoán nó có thể giảm đi thêm trong bốn thập kỷ tới dựa trên tốc độ hiện tại của việc cắt bớt cây xanh, khai thác gỗ và phá rừng. Ngoài ra, do ô nhiễm môi trường, 30% rạn san hô biển đã biến mất do sự axit hóa và nóng lên toàn cầu từ năm 1980. Hơn nữa, hơn một nửa diện tích đất ngập nước ban đầu đã biến mất.
IV. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the blanket
| crime | caused | fewer | better | becomes | prices | provide | exceeds | between | more |
Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population (1) ______exceeds______ the carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation is (2)____caused________by a number of factors such as reduced mortality rate, (3) ___better_________ medical facilities, and depletion of precious resources.
The effects of overpopulation are quite severe. One of these is rise in unemployment. When a country (4) ____becomes________ overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there are (5) ___fewer_________jobs to support a large number of people. Rise in unemployment gives rise to (6) ____crime________as people will steal various items to feed their family and (7)__provide__________them basic amenities of life.
High cost of living is another effect. As difference (8) ____between________demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the (9) ___prices_________of various commodities including food, shelter and healthcare. This means that people have to pay (10)_____more_______ to survive and feed their families.
