1. Tiếng Anh lớp 8 Unit 7 Pollution - Phần ngữ pháp
Lý thuyết câu điều kiện
Trong bài học này, chúng ta sẽ ôn tập hai loại câu điều kiện là câu điều kiện loại 1 và câu điều kiện loại 2.
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả sự việc, hiện tượng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
CẤU TRÚC: If + S + V (HTĐ), S will/ can V.
eg:
If I prepare for my final exam carefully, I will pass the exam.
If she goes to bed late, she will be tired tomorrow.
If you don’t buy this dress, others will take it.
Note: Thì hiện tại đơn có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả một điều kiện luôn đúng.
Câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 diễn tả sự việc, hiện tượng không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
CẤU TRÚC: If S + Ved (QKĐ), S + would/ could + V.
eg:
If my mother stayed at home now, she would cook a lot of delicious food.
If they remembered to lock the door, the thief couldn’t get in.
If it didn’t rain now, I would go out.
Note: Với câu điều kiện loại 2, với mọi chủ ngữ thì tobe đều được chia về were.
eg:
If I were you, I would talk to my teacher.
If he were here, he could give me a lift.
If we were able to fly, we wouldn’t need vehicles.
Liên từ chỉ nguyên nhân - kết quả
Các liên từ chỉ nguyên nhân – kết quả trong bài học này là:
- Liên từ kết hợp với mệnh đề (S – V – O): because, since, as
CẤU TRÚC: S – V – O + because/ since/ as + S – V – O
eg:
We protect the environment because it saves our lives.
She called me since she wanted to borrow some money from me.
As this chemical is harmful, the government prohibited the production of it.
- Liên từ kết hợp với danh từ/ danh động từ (N/ V-ing): because of, due to, owing to
CẤU TRÚC: S – V – O + because of/ due to/ owing to + N/ V-ing
eg:
They stayed at home because of not having anything to do.
Due to the rain, the event had to be cancelled.
My mother can’t go with me owing to her work.
- Các cụm động từ chỉ quan hệ nguyên nhân – kết quả: cause, lead to, result in
CẤU TRÚC: S + cause/ lead to/ result in + N
eg:
Human’s deforestation causes depletion in the Ozone layer.
Air pollution leads to a lot of respiratory diseases.
Overpopulation results in food insecurity.
2. Tiếng Anh lớp 8 Unit 7 Pollution - Phần bài tập
Exercise 1: Choose the letter A, B, C or D the word that has the underlined part different from others.
Question 1: A. affect B. algae C. aquatic D. permanent
Question 2: A. school B. cholera C. chemistry D. machine
Exercise 2: Choose the letter A, B, C or D the word that has different stress pattern from others.
Question 1: A. pollutant B. untreated C. permanent D. aquatic
Question 2: A. affect B. poison C. thermal D. visual
Exercise 3: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
Question 1: Do you know what is the cause __________ pollution?
A. of
B. in
C. on
D. for
Question 2: My mother has to measure blood __________ every month.
A. billboard
B. pressure
C. groundwater
D. earplug
Question 3: __________ pollution is harmful or annoying level of noise, as from vehicles, industry activities, etc.
A. light
B. visual
C. soil
D. noise
Question 4: Parents should teach children not to __________ wastes on the road.
A. litter
B. poison
C. cause
D. measure
Question 5: I can’t hear your voice __________ I’m wearing an earplug.
A. although
B. due
C. however
D. because
Question 6: His grandfather made him __________ hard when he was small.
A. study
B. to study
C. studying
D. studied
Question 7: This picture __________ the contamination of ground water.
A. illustrate
B. illustrating
C. illustrates
D. illustrated
Question 8: Could you list some non-point source __________?
A. pollution
B. pollutants
C. polluting
D. pollute
Exercise 4: Read the passage below and decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE?
Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting. Mismanaged lighting affects the environment, energy resources, wildlife, humans and astronomy research.
Light pollution is not a new phenomenon. Over the last 50 years, as countries became affluent and urbanized, demand for outdoor lighting increased and light pollution sprawled beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas. This form pollution is now prevalent in Asia, Europe, and North America, particularly in cities like Los Angeles, New York and Washington D.C. In 2008, National Geographic magazine named Chicago the most light-polluted city in the United States.
However, the most light-polluted spot in the world is Hong Kong, China. In March 2013, the University of Hong Kong named the city the most light polluted in the world. A study by the university found the night sky in Tsim Sha Tsui, an urban neighborhood in southern Kowloon, Hong Kong, to be 1,200 times brighter than a normal urban city sky. Luminous pollution of this magnitude is on the rise worldwide. In a 2010 article from the Ecology and Society Journal, Hölker and others stated the use of artificial lighting increases by 20% each year, depending on the region, and noted there is an urgent need for light pollution policies that surpass energy efficiency to include humans, animals and the environment.
Question 1: Light pollution is the excessive, misdirected or invasive use of artificial outdoor lighting.
A. True
B. False
Question 2: Light pollution sprawled beyond the city limits and into suburban and rural areas.”.
A. True
B. False
Question 3: Chicago is the most light-polluted city in the world.
A. True
B. False
Question 4: A city in Hong Kong is more than two hundred times brighter than a normal one.
A. True
B. False
Question 5: Luminous pollution of this magnitude is on the rise worldwide.
A. True
B. False
Exercise 5: Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below
Water pollution happens __________ (6) toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the quality of water. Not __________ (7) does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drinking.
Water pollution can be __________ (8) in a number of ways, one of the most polluting being city sewage and industrial waste discharge. Indirect sources __________ (9) water pollution include contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater systems and from the atmosphere via rain. Soils and groundwater contain __________ (10) residue of human agricultural practices and also improperly disposed of industrial wastes.
Pollutants can be of varying kinds: organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on. In fact, the list of possible water contaminants is just too vast to be listed here
Question 1:
A. what
B. when
C. why
D. while
Question 2:
A. both
B. only
C. well
D. either
Question 3:
A. cause
B. caused
C. causing
D. causes
Question 4:
A. of
B. in
C. at
D. for
Question 5:
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. x
3. Một số bài tập khác
Question 1. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1.I like ______________back my home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues
B. to continue
C. continued
D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die
A. pollution
B. pollute
C. polluted
D. polluting
4. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ________________.
A. die
B. to die
C. dead
D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating
B. contaminate
C. contaminated
D. contamination
7. If we ______________water carefully, more people will have fresh water.
A. will use
B. would use
C. using
D. use
8. If the factory continues dumping poison ________________ the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. into
B. to
C. about
D. in
Question II. Choose the best answer. (A,B, C or D)
1. Mi and Nick like ______________back Mi’s home village on holiday.
A. comes
B. come
C. came
D. coming
2. If the factory ________________dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
A. continues
B. to continue
C. continued
D. will continue
3. Water ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. pollution
B. pollute
C. polluted
D. polluting
4. If the air wasn’t dirty, I ________________ so much.
A. wouldn’t sneeze
B. sneeze
C. would sneeze
D. to sneeze
5. If the factory continues dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals ________________.
A. die
B. to died
C. dead
D. will die
6. Water pollution is the ________________ in the lake has made the fish die.
A. contaminating
B. contaminate
C. contaminated
D. contamination
7. If I were you, I ______________ that car.
A. would buy
B. buy
C. bought
D. buying
8. If we recycle more, we ________________the Earth.
A. help
B. would help
C. helping
D. will help
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